If a work has two authors, link their names with an ampersand ( & ) or use the names in a signal phrase.Įxamples: "The network form is on the rise in a big way, and because of this, societies are entering a new epoch" (Arquilla & Ronfelt, 1996, p. The cell phone and satellite television have reached even the remotest Indonesian village" ("A Critique," 2001, p. Governments can no longer control the free flow of information. If the article has no author listed, refer to the first portion of the title as in this example for an article called "A Critique of 'Lexus and Olive' View of Globalization.” What’s not there cannot be created.Įxample: "Friedman, in his book The Lexus and the Olive Tree, has mentioned that globalization is inevitable and irreversible, the forward march of technology makes it so. If the author is not named, include his/her last name in the parenthetical citation with the year of publication and page number.Įxample: "No two countries that both had McDonald's had fought a war against each other since each got its McDonald's" (Friedman, 1999, p. If you list the name of the author, the parenthetical citation need only contain the page number, because the year of publication follows the author’s name.Įxample: Thomas Friedman (1999) wrote, "No two countries that both had McDonald's had fought a war against each other since each got its McDonald's" (p. If the information derived from more than one page in the work, page numbers in APA citations are written out in their entirety.Įxamples: 3-4 5-15 23-29 431-439 497-503, 1129-1143. There are several methods of doing this: quotation, paraphrase, and summary." (Talman) After finding good information from a reputable source, you must then integrate that information into your paper. There are many note-taking systems available to assist you, but it is essential that you keep track of which ideas came from which sources. To ensure that you will give credit appropriately, begin by keeping your research materials organized. In most research assignments, students are encouraged – or even required – to use the research of others, but proper credit must be given. This presents something of a conundrum: students are required to use the research and writing of others, but such use is limited. For example, if you were to change the wording of a passage, but not credit the source, you are plagiarizing as much as if you used the original words. "Along with using someone’s direct words without quotation marks and attribution, plagiarism includes using someone’s thoughts or ideas and representing them as one’s own. Plagiarism can take many forms, and it can be intentional or accidental. Plagiarism is using the words, thoughts, or ideas of someone else without giving credit. Additionally, the exact point (page number) is listed. The purpose of the parenthetical citation is to lead the reader to an exact item in the bibliography, so the first entry in the bibliography (usually author’s last name, sometimes title if no author is listed) is what is included in the parenthetical citation.
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